Best Grass Seed
Tall Fescue: A Comprehensive Guide
Tall fescue is a cool-season grass that has gained
popularity due to its adaptability, durability, and
drought tolerance. It's a versatile grass that can
thrive in a wide range of climates, from cooler regions
to transitional zones where hot summers and cold winters
occur. Its deep root system makes it highly resistant to
drought, and its ability to grow in both sun and partial
shade makes it a good option for many types of lawns.
In this guide, we’ll explore everything you need to
know about tall fescue, from its characteristics and
benefits to its challenges and maintenance requirements.
By the end of this guide, you’ll have a deep
understanding of whether tall fescue is the best grass
seed for your lawn.
What is Tall Fescue?
Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) is a cool-season
grass, which means it grows most actively in the spring
and fall when temperatures range from 60°F to 75°F (15°C
to 24°C). Unlike many other cool-season grasses, tall
fescue can tolerate heat and drought, making it a great
choice for regions with both cold winters and hot
summers, such as the central and southern United States.
Tall fescue has wide, coarse blades and a dense,
upright growth habit. It’s known for its deep roots,
which can extend up to 2-3 feet into the soil. This
makes the grass more resilient during dry periods, as it
can access water deep in the soil. Tall fescue can be
found in a variety of settings, including residential
lawns, parks, athletic fields, and even along roadsides
and in erosion control areas.
Characteristics of Tall Fescue
Understanding the key characteristics of tall fescue
will help you decide if it's the right choice for your
lawn. Here are some of its main features:
- Deep Root System: Tall fescue’s
deep root system is one of its standout
characteristics. This allows the grass to tolerate
periods of drought better than many other
cool-season grasses.
- Coarse Texture: Tall fescue has
relatively broad blades, giving it a coarser texture
compared to fine-bladed grasses like Kentucky
bluegrass or perennial ryegrass.
- Heat and Drought Tolerance:
Tall fescue is more heat and drought-tolerant than
many other cool-season grasses, making it a good
choice for regions that experience both hot summers
and cold winters.
- Shade Tolerance: While tall
fescue prefers full sun, it can tolerate partial
shade better than some other grasses, making it
suitable for lawns with a mix of sun and shade.
- Low-Maintenance: Tall fescue
requires less frequent mowing and watering than some
other grasses, making it a relatively
low-maintenance option for homeowners who want a
beautiful lawn without constant upkeep.
Benefits of Tall Fescue
There are several benefits to choosing tall fescue
for your lawn. Here are some of the most important
reasons homeowners and landscapers opt for this grass:
1. Drought Resistance
One of the biggest advantages of tall fescue is its
ability to withstand drought. Thanks to its deep root
system, tall fescue can access water that is stored
deeper in the soil, allowing it to survive long dry
spells without turning brown or going dormant like other
cool-season grasses. This makes it a great choice for
regions that experience hot, dry summers or areas where
water conservation is important.
2. Heat Tolerance
Tall fescue is better equipped to handle heat than
many other cool-season grasses. While most cool-season
grasses struggle in high temperatures, tall fescue can
remain green and healthy in the summer heat,
particularly in transitional zones where both heat and
cold are common.
3. Versatility
Tall fescue can thrive in a wide range of
environments. It performs well in full sun but also
tolerates partial shade, making it suitable for lawns
with a mix of sun and shade. It can also grow in a
variety of soil types, from sandy soils to clay-heavy
soils, making it highly adaptable to different growing
conditions.
4. Durability and Traffic Tolerance
Tall fescue is a durable grass that can withstand
moderate foot traffic, making it a good choice for
family lawns, parks, and even some sports fields. While
it’s not as tough as warm-season grasses like Bermuda
grass, it recovers well from light to moderate use.
5. Low Maintenance
Compared to other cool-season grasses, tall fescue
requires less maintenance. It doesn’t need frequent
mowing or watering, which makes it a great option for
homeowners who want a low-maintenance lawn. It also
doesn’t need as much fertilization as Kentucky
bluegrass, which helps reduce the amount of time and
effort required for upkeep.
6. Erosion Control
Tall fescue is often used for erosion control because
of its strong root system and dense growth habit. Its
ability to hold soil in place makes it ideal for sloped
areas, roadsides, and other areas prone to soil erosion.
Drawbacks of Tall Fescue
Despite its many benefits, tall fescue also has some
drawbacks that homeowners should consider before
planting:
1. Coarse Texture
Tall fescue has relatively wide blades, giving it a
coarser texture compared to fine-textured grasses like
Kentucky bluegrass or perennial ryegrass. Some
homeowners prefer the finer texture of other grasses, as
they create a more uniform and soft lawn. However, the
coarser texture of tall fescue can still provide a lush,
green appearance, though it may not feel as soft
underfoot.
2. Clumpy Growth
Tall fescue tends to grow in clumps rather than
spreading evenly across the lawn. This can result in an
uneven appearance, especially if the grass is not
overseeded regularly. To avoid a patchy or clumpy lawn,
tall fescue may need to be overseeded each year to
maintain a dense, uniform appearance.
3. Slower Recovery from Damage
While tall fescue is durable, it doesn’t recover from
damage as quickly as some other grasses, particularly
those that spread through stolons or rhizomes, like
Kentucky bluegrass or Bermuda grass. If tall fescue is
damaged by heavy foot traffic or wear and tear, it may
take longer to fill in the damaged areas.
4. Susceptibility to Disease
Tall fescue is susceptible to certain fungal
diseases, especially in areas with high humidity or poor
drainage. Brown patch is a common problem that affects
tall fescue lawns during hot, humid weather. Proper lawn
care, such as watering early in the day and ensuring
good air circulation, can help prevent disease, but it’s
something to be aware of when choosing this grass type.
Best Growing Conditions for Tall Fescue
For tall fescue to thrive, it’s important to provide
it with the right growing conditions. Here’s what you
need to know:
1. Climate
Tall fescue is a cool-season grass, meaning it grows
most actively during the cooler months of the year,
particularly in the spring and fall. It is well-suited
to transitional zones where summers are hot, and winters
are cold. It can also thrive in more temperate climates
where temperatures are moderate year-round. In very cold
regions, tall fescue will go dormant during the winter,
but it will bounce back in the spring.
2. Soil
Tall fescue can grow in a wide variety of soil types,
from sandy soils to heavy clay soils. However, it
prefers well-drained, loamy soils with a pH between 5.5
and 7.0. If your soil is heavy or prone to compaction,
aerating the lawn can help improve drainage and
encourage healthy root growth.
3. Sunlight
Tall fescue grows best in full sunlight but can
tolerate partial shade. It’s more shade-tolerant than
other cool-season grasses like Kentucky bluegrass,
making it a good option for lawns with a mix of sun and
shade. However, it may thin out in heavily shaded areas,
so it’s best to plant it in areas that receive at least
4 to 6 hours of sunlight per day.
4. Watering
Tall fescue is relatively drought-tolerant compared
to other cool-season grasses, but it still needs regular
watering to stay healthy. During dry periods, water the
grass deeply but infrequently to encourage deep root
growth. Tall fescue generally requires about 1 to 1.5
inches of water per week, depending on weather
conditions.
5. Fertilization
Tall fescue benefits from regular fertilization,
particularly in the spring and fall when it’s actively
growing. A nitrogen-rich fertilizer applied 2 to 3 times
per year is usually sufficient to keep the grass healthy
and green. Avoid over-fertilizing, as this can lead to
thatch buildup and other problems.
Establishing and Planting Tall Fescue
Establishing a tall fescue lawn involves careful
preparation, whether you’re planting from seed or
overseeding an existing lawn. Here’s how to get started:
1. Soil Preparation
Before planting tall fescue, it’s important to
prepare the soil. Remove any existing grass, weeds, or
debris from the area, and loosen the top 4 to 6 inches
of soil with a tiller or garden fork. You may also want
to add compost or organic matter to improve soil
quality, especially if your soil is sandy or heavy clay.
2. Seeding
Sow tall fescue seeds at a rate of about 6 to 8
pounds per 1,000 square feet. Use a broadcast spreader
to evenly distribute the seeds across the area. After
seeding, lightly rake the soil to cover the seeds with a
thin layer of soil. Water the area immediately after
planting and keep the soil consistently moist until the
seeds germinate, which usually takes about 7 to 14 days.
3. Overseeding
If you already have a tall fescue lawn but want to
thicken it or repair bare spots, overseeding is a great
option. Mow the lawn to a shorter height and aerate the
soil to create small holes for the new seeds. Spread the
seeds evenly over the lawn and water consistently until
the new grass is established.
4. Sodding
For quicker results, you can also establish a tall
fescue lawn by laying sod. Sod is pre-grown grass that
can be laid down in sections to create an instant lawn.
After laying the sod, water it thoroughly and keep the
soil moist until the roots establish.
Maintenance of Tall Fescue Lawns
Once your tall fescue lawn is established, regular
maintenance is important to keep it healthy and looking
its best. Here are the key maintenance tasks to
consider:
1. Mowing
Mow tall fescue to a height of about 3 to 4 inches.
Keeping the grass at this height helps promote deep root
growth, which improves drought resistance. Avoid mowing
the grass too short, as this can stress the grass and
make it more susceptible to disease. During periods of
active growth in the spring and fall, you may need to
mow more frequently, while in the summer, you can let
the grass grow a bit taller to provide shade to the
roots.
2. Watering
Tall fescue requires regular watering, particularly
during dry periods. Water the lawn deeply but
infrequently, providing about 1 to 1.5 inches of water
per week. Watering early in the morning is best, as it
allows the grass to absorb moisture before the heat of
the day.
3. Fertilizing
Fertilize tall fescue 2 to 3 times a year, typically
in the spring and fall when the grass is actively
growing. Use a nitrogen-rich fertilizer to promote
healthy, green growth. Be careful not to over-fertilize,
as this can lead to excessive thatch buildup.
4. Aeration
Aerating your tall fescue lawn once a year can help
alleviate soil compaction and improve water and nutrient
absorption. This is especially important if your lawn
experiences heavy foot traffic or if you have clay-heavy
soil.
5. Dethatching
While tall fescue doesn’t produce as much thatch as
some other grasses, it can still develop a thatch layer
over time. Dethatching your lawn every few years can
help prevent thatch buildup and keep your grass healthy.
Common Problems with Tall Fescue
While tall fescue is a hardy grass, it can still face
some common issues. Here are a few problems to watch out
for:
1. Brown Patch
Brown patch is a fungal disease that commonly affects
tall fescue lawns during hot, humid weather. It appears
as circular patches of brown or dead grass. To prevent
brown patch, avoid overwatering and water early in the
day to allow the grass to dry out. Improving air
circulation by aerating the lawn can also help reduce
the risk of disease.
2. Thinning in Shade
While tall fescue is more shade-tolerant than other
cool-season grasses, it can still thin out in areas that
receive very little sunlight. If you have heavily shaded
areas, consider overseeding with a more shade-tolerant
grass, such as fine fescue.
3. Weeds
Weeds can compete with tall fescue for nutrients,
water, and sunlight. To prevent weeds, maintain a
healthy, dense lawn by following proper mowing,
watering, and fertilizing practices. In some cases,
applying a pre-emergent herbicide in the spring can help
prevent weed seeds from germinating.
Conclusion
Tall fescue is a versatile, durable, and
drought-tolerant cool-season grass that offers many
benefits for homeowners and landscapers. Its deep root
system allows it to survive dry periods, while its
ability to tolerate heat makes it a great choice for
regions with hot summers and cold winters. Tall fescue
is also low-maintenance, requiring less mowing and
watering than other grasses, making it an excellent
option for those who want a beautiful lawn without
constant upkeep.
However, tall fescue does have some challenges,
including its coarse texture, clumpy growth habit, and
susceptibility to certain diseases like brown patch.
Despite these drawbacks, tall fescue remains one of the
most popular choices for lawns in transitional zones and
temperate regions.
By understanding the specific characteristics,
benefits, and maintenance requirements of tall fescue,
you can determine if it’s the best grass seed for your
lawn. With proper care and attention, tall fescue can
provide a lush, green lawn that will thrive for years to
come.